此次考试整体难度比较高,考察文章多为自然科学类,学生往往会因为生词多,看不懂,做题愈加急躁,导致心理压力过大,错误率升高。要在平时多积累一些科学知识背景,并学会有效规避生词的方法。
考试日期: |
2013年8月24日 |
Reading Passage 1 |
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Title: |
Organic Farming & Chemical Fertilizer |
Question types: |
Matching(人名&理论); True/False/Not Given; Summary; |
文章内容回顾 |
2010年8月14日旧题。全文围绕有机农业和传统农业展开话题,有人支持技术(即化肥)进步产量,有人支持有机农业(生态肥)。作者认为除了这两个,还有第三条路,就是智能农业。分别讲了chemical fertilizer和organic farming各自的优缺点,然后提出未来的intelligent farming。 |
相关英文原文阅读 |
Organic farming methods combine scientific knowledge of ecology and modern technology with traditional farming practices based on naturally occurring biological processes. Organic farming methods are studied in the field of agroecology. While conventional agriculture uses synthetic pesticides and water-soluble synthetically purified fertilizers, organic farmers are restricted by regulations to using natural pesticides and fertilizers. The principal methods of organic farming include crop rotation, green manures and compost, biological pest control, and mechanical cultivation. These measures use the natural environment to enhance agricultural productivity: legumes are planted to fix nitrogen into the soil, natural insect predators are encouraged, crops are rotated to confuse pests and renew soil, and natural materials such as potassium bicarbonate and mulches are used to control disease and weeds. Hardier plants are generated through plant breeding rather than genetic engineering. While organic is fundamentally different from conventional because of the use of carbon based fertilizers compared with highly soluble synthetic based fertilizers and biological pest control instead of synthetic pesticides, organic farming and large-scale conventional farming are not entirely mutually exclusive. Many of the methods developed for organic agriculture have been borrowed by more conventional agriculture. For example, Integrated Pest Management is a multifaceted strategy that uses various organic methods of pest control whenever possible, but in conventional farming could include synthetic pesticides only as a last resort. Crop diversity Crop diversity is a distinctive characteristic of organic farming. Conventional farming focuses on mass production of one crop in one location, a practice called monoculture. The science of agroecology has revealed the benefits of polyculture (multiple crops in the same space), which is often employed in organic farming. Planting a variety of vegetable crops supports a wider range of beneficial insects, soil microorganisms, and other factors that add up to overall farm health. Crop diversity helps environments thrive and protect species from going extinct. Soil management
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