本次考试四大题型一个不落集体出现，单选和完成句子选择作为非主流题型在2篇文章中都有所涉及，选择、判断、配对的数量以*的优势压倒了填空题，所以本次考试的难度系数较大。
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考试日期： |
2013年7月13日 |
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Reading Passage 1 |
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Title: |
鱼在水下如何交流（关于red marking的研究） |
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Question types: |
True / False / Not Given; Summary Completion; Multiple Choice; |
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文章内容回顾 |
一个德国科学家在埃及红海潜水想看看15m以下到底有没有红光（理论上是没有任何光线的）。结果在海底20m的地方看见了红色的鱼。即使取下红色滤光片用肉眼也可以看见。在这个深度不可能有光线，所以猜想是激发荧光，但是没有设备验证，只能尽可能多地拍照片。回德国之后证实了确实是激发荧光，50种鱼都有这种荧光，是皮下的细胞里的晶体里发出的，不是晶体本身，可能是晶体里的荧光蛋白，这个蛋白可能是细菌制造的。鱼用这个红光来识别种群，标识位置，吓退敌人，掩盖自己，捕捉猎物。 |
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相关英文原文阅读 |
The fish of the deep-sea are among the strangest and most elusive creatures on Earth. In this deep unknown lie many unusual creatures that have yet to be studied. Since many of these fish live in regions where there is no natural illumination, they cannot rely solely on their eyesight for locating prey and mates and avoiding predators; deep-sea fish have evolved appropriately to the extreme sub-photic region in which they live. Many of these organisms are blind and rely on their other senses, such as sensitivities to changes in local pressure and smell, to catch their food and avoid being caught. Those that aren’t blind have large and sensitive eyes that can use bioluminescent light. These eyes can be as much as 100 times more sensitive to light than human eyes. Also, to avoid predation, many species are dark to blend in with their environment. Many deep-sea fish are bioluminescent, with extremely large eyes adapted to the dark. Bioluminescent organisms are capable of producing light biologically through the agitation of molecules of luciferin, which then produce photons of light. This process must be done in the presence of oxygen. These organisms are common in the mesopelagic region and below (200m and below). More than 50% of deep-sea fish as well as some species of shrimp and squid are capable of bioluminescence. About 80% of these organisms have photophores – light producing glandular cells that contain luminous bacteria bordered by dark colorings. Some of these photophores contain lenses, much like those in the eyes of humans, which can intensify or lessen the emanation of light. The ability to produce light only requires 1% of the organism''s energy and has many purposes: It is used to search for food and attract prey, like the anglerfish; claim territory through patrol; communicate and find a mate; and distract or temporarily blind predators to escape. Also, in the mesopelagic where some light still penetrates, some organisms camouflage themselves from predators below them by illuminating their bellies to match the color and intensity of light from above so that no shadow is cast. This tactic is known as counter illumination. The life cycle of deep-sea fish can be exclusively deep water although some species are born in shallower water and sink upon maturation. Regardless of the depth where eggs and larvae resid
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