2013年4月27日雅思阅读考题回顾
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考试日期： |
2013年4月27日 |
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Reading Passage 1 |
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Title: |
Odd and Curious Money |
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Question types: |
Matching 多选 |
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文章内容回顾 |
历史发展类，关于钱币的发展。段先从较早的巴比伦说起，第二段提到了我国的刀币，之后提到泰国的tiger bar钱币（其中还提到一开始有用tiger claw当作钱币流通的，后来由于泰国与西方国家经济贸易的需要政府开始推行并大力生产tiger bar钱币），再之后就提到了日本的money tree和tomo什么的钱币，再后来提到某个岛屿用whale teeth做钱币，同时它是身份的象征，首领们把它们穿在项链上，而且只有首领能用。 |
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相关英文原文阅读 |
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, and related objects. While numismatists are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other payment media used to resolve debts and the exchange of goods. Early money used by people is referred to as "Odd and Curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes in prison). The Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit and gave small change in lambskins;[1] the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic study, but the horse is not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells, precious metals and gems. Today, most transactions take place by a form of payment with either inherent, standardized or credit value. Numismatic value may be used to refer to the value in excess of the monetary value conferred by law. This is also known as the "collector value." Economic and historical studies of money's use and development are an integral part of the numismatists' study of money's physical embodiment. Etymology First attested in English 1829, the word numismatics comes from the adjective numismatic, meaning "of coins". It was borrowed in 1792 from French numismatiques, itself a derivation from Late Latin numismatis, genitive of numisma, a variant of nomisma meaning "coin".[2] Nomisma is a latinisation of the Greek ν?μισμα (nomisma) which means "current coin/custom",[3] which derives from νομ?ζω (nomizō), "to hold or own as a custom or usage, to use customarily",[4] in turn from ν?μος (nomos), "usage, custom",[5] ultimately from ν?μω (nemō), "I dispense, divide, assign, keep, hold".[6] [edit]History of money Main article: History of money Money itself is made to be a scarce good throughout its history, although it does not have to be. Many items have been used as money, from naturally scarce precious metals and cowry shells through cigarettes to entirely artificial money, called fiat money, such as banknotes. Many complementary currencies use time as a unit of measure, using mutual credit accounting that keeps the balance of money intact. Modern money (and most ancient money too) is essentially a token – an abstraction. Paper currency is perhaps the most common type of physical money today. However, goods such as gold or silver retain many of the essential properties of money. [edit]History of numismatics Coin collecting may have existed in ancient times. Caesar Augustus gave "coins of every device, including old pi
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