朗阁海外考试研究中心的雅思培训老师为考生带来2016年10月8日的真题回顾、详细解析及备考策略，此为雅思阅读回顾部分。
朗阁海外考试研究中心 王希
朗阁海外考试研究中心的雅思培训为考生带来2016年10月8日的真题回顾、详细解析及备考策略，此为雅思阅读回顾部分。
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考试日期 |
2016年10月8日（完全重复2011.09.24考题） |
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Reading Passage 1 |
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Title |
Museum Blockbuster |
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Question types |
段落信息匹配（4题） Summary填空（4题） 多选题（5题，5选2 + 7选3） |
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文章内容回顾 |
关于澳大利亚博物馆的一种商业化运营模式，可以帮助Local Business的发展；博物馆和机构之间的同类联系，以及它如何影响博物馆展览方式的变化。 |
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相关英文原文阅读 |
Museum Blockbuster A. Since the 1980s, the term blockbuster has become the fashionable word for special spectacular museum, art gallery or science centre exhibitions. Here is one of some existing definitions of blockbuster: put by Elsen, a blockbuster is a large scale loan exhibition that people who normally don’t go to museums will stand in line for hours to see. James Rosenfield, writing in Direct Marketing in 1993, has described a successful blockbuster exhibition as a triumph of both curatorial and marketing skills. My own definition for blockbuster is a popular, high profile exhibition on display for a limited period, that attracts the general public, who are prepared to both stand in line and pay a fee in order to partake in the exhibition. What both Elsen and Rosenfield omit in their descriptions of blockbusters, is that people are prepared to pay a fee to see a blockbuster, and that the term blockbuster can just easily apply to a movie or a museum exhibition. B. Merely naming an exhibition or a movie a blockbuster however, does not make it a blockbuster. The term can only apply when the item in question has had an overwhelmingly successful response from the public. However, in literature from both the UK and USA, the other words that also start to appear in descriptions of blockbusters are less scholarly, non-elitist and popularist. Detractors argue that blockbusters are designed to appeal to the lowest common denominator, while others extol the virtues of encouraging scholars to cooperate on projects, and to provide exhibitions that cater for a broad selection of the community rather than an elite sector. C. Maintaining and increasing visitor levels is paramount in the new museology. This requires continued product development, not only the creation or hiring of blockbuster exhibitions, but also regular exhibition changes and innovations. In addition, the visiting publics have become customers rather than visitors, and the skills that are valued in museums, science centres and galleries to keep the new customers coming through the door have changed. High on the list of requirements are commercial, business, marketing and entrepreneurial skills. Curators are now administrators. Being a director of an art gallery no longer requires an Art Degree. As succinctly summarised in the Economist in 1994, business nous and public relation skills were essential requirements for a director, and also with the ability to compete with other museums to stage travelling exhibitions which draw huge crowds. D. The new museology has resulted in the convergence of museums, the heritage industry, and tourism, profit-making and pleasure-giving. This has given rise to much debate about the appropriateness of adapting the activities of institutions so that they more closely reflect the priorities of the market place and whether it is appropriate to see museums primarily as tourist attractions. At many institutions you can now hold office functions in the display areas, or have dinner with the dinosaurs. Whatever commentators may think, managers of museums, art galleries and science centres worldwide are looking for artful ways to blend culture and commerce, and blockbuster exhibitions are at the top of the list. But while blockbusters are all part of the new museology, there is proof that you don’t need a museum, science centre or art gallery to benefit from the drawing power of a blockbuster or to stage a blockbuster. E. But do blockbusters held in public institutions really create a surplus to fund other activities? If the bottom line is profit, then according to the accounting records of many major museums and galleries, blockbusters do make money. For some museums overseas, it may be the money that they need to update parts of their collections or to repair buildings that are in need of attention. For others in Australia, it may be the opportunity to illustrate that they are attempting to pay their way, by recovering part of their operating costs, or funding other operating activities with off-budget revenue. This makes the economic rationalists cheerful. However, not all exhibitions that are hailed to be blockbusters will be blockbusters, and some will not make money. It is also unlikely that the accounting systems of most institutions will not recognise the real cost of either creating or hiring a blockbuster. F. Blockbusters require large capital expenditure, and draw on resources across all branches of an organisation, however, the costs don’t end there. There is a human resource management cost in addition to a measurable real dollar cost. Receiving a touring exhibition involves large expenditure as well, and draws resources from across functional management structures in project management style. Everything from a general labourer to a building servicing unit, the front of house, technical, promotion, education and administration staff, are required to perform additional tasks. Furthermore, as an increasing number of institutions in Australia try their hand at increasing visitor numbers, memberships and therefore revenue, by staging blockbuster exhibitions, it may be less likely that blockbusters will continue to provide a surplus to subsidise other activities due to the competitive nature of the market. There are only so many consumer dollars to go around, and visitors will need to choose between blockbuster products. G. Unfortunately, when the bottom-line is the most important objective to the mounting of blockbuster exhibitions, this same o
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