Margaret Thatcher, who has died following a stroke, was one of the most influential political figures of the 20th Century. 撒切尔夫人,20世纪较有影响力的政治人物之一,在2013年4月8日,因中风不幸逝世。
Obituary: Margaret Thatcher
讣文:玛格丽特·撒切尔
Margaret Thatcher, who has died following a stroke, was one of the most influential political figures of the 20th Century.
撒切尔夫人,20世纪较有影响力的政治人物之一,在2013年4月8日,因中风不幸逝世。
Her legacy had a profound effect upon the policies of her successors, both Conservative and Labour, while her radical and sometimes confrontational approach defined her 11-year period at No 10.
她深深影响了她之后的包括*守党和工党在内的历届英国首相。这样一位激进的,有时甚至带有攻击性的“铁娘子”担任了长达11年之久的英国首相。
Her term in office saw thousands of ordinary voters gaining a stake in society, buying their council houses and eagerly snapping up shares in the newly privatised industries such as British Gas and BT.
她在任职期间推动社会改革,成千上万的英国普通选民*了政府公屋,抢购了诸如英国天然气和英国电信等新近私有化行业的股份。
But her rejection of consensus politics made her a divisive figure and opposition to her policies and her style of government led eventually to rebellion inside her party and unrest on the streets.
但她对舆论政治的排斥使她备受争议,同时她的政策也招致反对。较终她所*的政党内部反声一片,社会也混乱不堪。
Father''s influence
父亲的影响
Margaret Hilda Thatcher was born on 13 October 1925 in Grantham, Lincolnshire, the daughter of Alfred Roberts, a grocer, and his wife, Beatrice.
玛格丽特·希尔达·撒切尔,1925年10月13日生于林肯郡的格兰瑟姆。她的父亲阿尔弗雷德·罗伯茨是一个杂货商,她的母亲叫比阿特丽斯。
Her father, a Methodist lay preacher and local councillor, had an immense influence on her life and the policies she would adopt.
她的父亲是卫理公会的世俗布道者,同时也是当地的议员。撒切尔在她之后的生活和政治上深受其父亲的影响。
"Well, of course, I just owe almost everything to my own father. I really do," she said later. "He brought me up to believe all the things that I do believe."
“当然了,我几乎可以把一切都归功于我父亲,的确如此。”撒切尔说道。“他把我养大,让我坚信我认定的东西。”
She studied chemistry at Somerville College, Oxford, and became only the third female president of the Oxford University Conservative Association.
她曾在牛津大学的萨默维尔中心学习自然科学。她还是牛津大学*守党协会的第三位女性主席。
After graduating she moved to Colchester where she worked for a plastics company and became involved with the local Conservative Party organisation.
毕业后,她搬到了科尔切斯特,在当地一家塑料公司工作,随后加入了当地*守党组织。
In 1949, she was adopted as the prospective Conservative candidate for the seat of Dartford in Kent which she fought, unsuccessfully, in the 1950 and 1951 general elections.
1949年,她被定为未来肯特郡达特福德区的*守党候选人。然而,在1950年和1951的两次大选中均不幸败北。
However, she made a significant dent in the Labour majority and, as the then youngest ever Conservative candidate, attracted a lot of media attention.
但是她却大大撼动了工党主体。同时作为当时有史以来较年轻的*守党候选人,她也吸引了众多媒体的关注。
In 1951 she married a divorced businessman, Denis Thatcher, and began studying for the Bar exams. She qualified as a barrister in 1953, the year in which her twins Mark and Carol were born.
1951年,她嫁给了一个离过婚的商人,丹尼斯·撒切尔。同时她还投考律师公会,并于1953年成功取得讼务律师的资格。同年,夫妇俩诞下了一对孪生兄妹,分别取名为马克和卡洛儿。
She tried, unsuccessfully, to gain selection as a candidate in 1955, but finally entered Parliament for the safe Conservative seat of Finchley at the 1959 general election.
1955年她再次竞选*守党候选人,却未能如愿,较终在1959年的大选中成功当选芬奇利议会成员。
Within two years she had been appointed as a junior minister and, following the Conservative defeat in 1964, was promoted to the shadow cabinet.
不到两年,她就被任命为初级部长。1964年*守党落选后,她又被晋升为影子内阁。
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